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Goto:

Biston Leach, [1815]

Biston Leach, [1815]; in Brewster, Edinburgh Ency. 9: 134, TS: Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller
Pachys Hübner, [1806]; Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: [2] (rej.)
Dasyphara Billberg, 1820; Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb.: 89, TS: Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller
Pachys Hübner, 1822; Syst.-alph. Verz.: 38-44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, TS: Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller
Amphidasis Treitschke, 1825; in Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur. 5 (2): 434, TS: Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller
Eubyja Hübner, [1825]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (20): 318, TS: Phalaena betularia Linnaeus

= ; [NACL, 92]; [MOB11, 208]

Euboea Gumppenberg, 1887; Nova Acta Acad. Caesar Leop. Carol. 49 (4) : 333, 340, 344 (emend.)
Buzura Walker, [1863]; List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 26: 1531, TS: Buzura multipunctaria Walker

= ; [MOB11, 208]

Eubyjodonta Warren, 1893; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 416, TS: Eubyjodonta falcata Warren

= ; [MOB11, 208]

Blepharoctenia Warren, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 428, TS: Amphidasys bengaliaria Guenée

= ; [MOB11, 208]

Biston (Boarmiini) ; [MOB11, 208]
Biston (Bistonini) ; [NACL, 92]; [FE]

Biston stratarius (Hufnagel, 1767)

Tammimittari Oak Beauty Pappelspanner
Phalaena strataria Hufnagel, 1767; Berlin. Magazin. 4: 514
Geometra prodromaria Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775; Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 99, TL: Vienna district

500x561 (~51Kb) male Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Schönenberg, Siedlungsbereich (8°49'E, 48°57'N, 230m), 18.03.2000, Photo © Karl Hofsäß	800x676 (~114Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 12.4.2008, Photo © D. Smirnov	884x717 (~125Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 17.4.2010 (36°25'E, 56°23'N), Photo © D. Smirnov
939x583 (~108Kb) male Russia, Moscow area, 16.4.2010 (36°25'E, 56°23'N), Photo © D. Smirnov	484x296 (~30Kb)

Larva on Quercus robur [SPRK]

B. s. statarius

B. s. laetus (Moltrecht, 1927)

Biston betularius (Linnaeus, 1758)

Koivumittari Peppered Moth Birkenspanner
Phalaena betularia Linnaeus, 1758; Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 521, TL: [Europe]
Biston betularia, Moth Photographers Group [MPG]
Biston betularia, E.H. Strickland Ent. Mus, U of [ALBERTA]
Biston betularia, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Biston betularia, Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera [Kimmo Silvonen]
Biston betularia, Svenska fjärilar [SVF]
Biston betularia, Georgia Lepidoptera (USA) [GALEPS]
Biston betularia, Moths and Butterflies of Europe [MBE]
Biston betularia, UK Moths [Ian Kimber]
Biston betularia ; [NACL, #6640]

800x627 (~102Kb) male Finland, EK: Kotka 668:51, ex.l. 8.1991, Photo 21.5.1992 © Kimmo Silvonen	768x512 (~55Kb) Germany, Baden-Württemberg, Maulbronn, Aalkistensee (8°45'E, 48°59'N, 230m), 30.07.2000, Photo © Karl Hofsäß	601x400 (~88Kb) Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch
400x598 (~42Kb) larva Central Europe 1990-2000, Photo © Michael Borsch	993x534 (~118Kb) male Russia: Moscow area (36°25'E, 56°00'N), 29.6.2009, Photo © D. Smirnov	710x600 (~77Kb) larva Russia, Moscow area 24.8.2006 © D. Smirnov
460x628 (~56Kb)

Larva on Betula spp., B. verrucosa, B. pubescens, Larix sibirica, L. decidua, Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Quercus robur, Salix spp., S. alba, S. lapponum, S. caprea, S. phylicifolia, Populus tremula, P. balsamifera, P. suaveolens, Ulmus laevis, Hypericum maculatum, Ribes uva-crispa, R. alpinum, R. nigrum, R. rubrum, Rosa spp., Rubus idaeus, Filipendula ulmaria, Spiraea chamaedryfolia, Malus domestica, Sorbus aucuparia, Crataegus sp., Amelanchier spicata, Prunus padus, P. virginiana, P. domestica, Caragana arborescens, Trifolium medium, Lupinus angustifolius, Lythrum salicaria, Tilia spp., Evonymus europaeus, Rhamnus frangula, Vaccinium myrtillus, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Aster sp., Artemisia absinthium, A. vulgaris, A. campestris [SPRK]

B. b. betularius

B. b. fumosarius (Alphéraky, 1897)

B. b. alexandrinus Wehrli, 1941

B. b. sibiricus Fuchs, 1899

B. b. coreae Wehrli, 1940

B. b. parva

Japan

B. b. cognataria (Guenée, 1857)

swettaria (Barnes & McDunnough, 1917); (melanic form)

= Biston betularia cognataria Guenée, 1857; [NACL, #6640a]

fortitaria (Barnes & McDunnough, 1917)

= Biston betularia cognataria Guenée, 1857; [NACL, #6640a]

mesle (Forbes, 1928)

= Biston betularia cognataria Guenée, 1857; [NACL, #6640a]

Biston betularia cognataria, Lynn Scott's Lepidoptera Images [Lynn Scott]
Biston betularia cognataria, The Moths of Southeastern Arizona [Bruce Walsh]
Biston betularia cognataria ; [NACL, #6640a]

B. b. contrasta (Barnes & Benjamin, 1923)

Biston betularia contrasta ; [NACL, #6640b]

Biston falcata (Warren, 1893)

Sikkim. See [About maps] Eubyjodonta falcata Warren, 1893; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 416, TL: Sikkim

Biston pelidna Prout²

Java. See [About maps] Biston pelidna ; [MOB11, 209 (note)]

Biston subregalis Inoue²

Sulawesi. See [About maps] Biston subregalis ; [MOB11, 209 (note)]

Biston bengaliaria (Guenée, 1857)

Bengal. See [About maps] Amphidasys bengaliaria Guenée, 1857; in Boisduval & Guenée, Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 9 : 210, Atlas (Uranides & Phalenides): pl. 4, f. 2

Biston insularis (Warren, 1894)

Sundaland, Java. See [About maps] Blepharoctenia insularis Warren, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 428, TL: Nias
Belpharoctenia arenosa Warren, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 428, TL: Java

= ; [MOB11, 209]

Buzura eximia Swinhoe, 1902; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 9 (54): 417

= ; [MOB11, 209]

Buzura insularis illucescens Prout, 1928; Bull. Hill Mus. 2: 146

= ; [MOB11, 209]

Buzura insularis ; Barlow, 1982, Intr. Moths of South East Asia: 132
Biston insularis ; [MOB11: 209, f. 454, pl. 12]

Biston pustulata (Warren, 1896)

Sundaland. See [About maps] Buzura pustulata Warren, 1896; Novit. zool. 3 : 401
Biston pustulata ; [MOB11: 210, f. 452, pl. 12]

Biston bura (Warren, 1894)

Celebes. See [About maps] Buzura bura Warren, 1894; Novit. zool. 1 (2): 429, TL: South Celebes

Biston inouei Holloway, 1993

Borneo. See [About maps] Biston inouei Holloway, 1993; [MOB11: 210, f. 453, pl. 12], TL: Sarawak, Gunung Mulu Nat. Park

21.7.2009 (19)

References:

[ALBERTA]

University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum; Browse Entomology Collection

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[Bruce Walsh]

Bruce Walsh; e-mail: Bruce Walsh; The Moths of Southeastern Arizona; Butterflies of Southeastern Arizona

[D. Smirnov]

Russia, Moscow; e-mail: D. Smirnov

[FE]

Fauna Europaea; Fauna Europaea

[GALEPS]

Moths and Butterflies of Georgia and the Southeastern United States; James K. Adams; Dept. of Natural Science, Dalton State College, Dalton, GA ; http://www.daltonstate.edu/galeps/index.htm

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[Ian Kimber]

http://www.ukmoths.force9.co.uk/

[Karl Hofsäß]

Karl Hofsaess; e-mail: Karl Hofsäß

[Kimmo Silvonen]

Espoo, Finland; Kimmo's Lep Site

[Lynn Scott]

Moths of the Ottawa Area; Lynn Scott's Lepidoptera Images

[MBE]

Moths and Butteflies of Europe; Paolo Mazzei, Diego Reggianti and Ilaria Pimpinelli; http://www.leps.it/

[MOB11]

Holloway, J. D., 1993; The Moths of Borneo, Part 11; Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae

[MPG]

North American Moth Photographers Group

[Michael Borsch]

Geesthacht, Germany; contact through; e-mail: Francisco Welter-Schultes

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[SPRK]

Seppänen, E. J, 1970; Suomen suurperhostoukkien ravintokasvit, Animalia Fennica 14

[SVF]

Svenska fjärilar; Naturhistoriska riksmuseet; (Sweden)

[²]

This may require parentheses or not. I don't have the necessary information for this taxon.

Some related literature:

Barlow, 1982

An Introduction to the Moths of South East Asia Intr. Moths of South East Asia: 305pp, ix, 50pls

Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1857

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species Général des Lépidoptéres. Volume 9. Uranides et Phalénites Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 9 : 1-514, Atlas (Uranides & Phalenides): pl. 1-10, (Uranides) pl. 1 (1858), Atlas (Uranides, Phalenides, Siculides): pl. 12-22, (1858) pl.

Gumppenberg, 1887

Systema Geometrarum zonae temperatioris septentrionalis - Systematische Bearbeitung der Spanner der nördlichen gemässigten Zone. (1) Nova Acta Acad. Caesar Leop. Carol. 49 (4) : 233-400

Hübner, [1806]

Tentamen determinationis digestionis alque denominationis singlarum stripium Lepidopterorum, peritisad inspiciendum et dijudicandum communicatum, a Jacob Hübner Tentamen determinationis digestionis ...: -

Hübner, [1825]

Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])

Hübner, 1822

Systematisch-alphabetisches Verzeichniss aller bisher bey den Fürbildungen zur Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge angegebenen Gattungsbenennungen; mit Vormerkung auch augsburgischer Gattungen, von Jacob Hübner Syst.-alph. Verz.: [I-III], IV-VI, [1]-2-81

Linnaeus, 1758

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : 1-338, : 339-824

Swinhoe, 1902

New Species of Eastern and Australian Heterocera Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 9 (50): 77-87, (54): 415-424

Walker, [1863]

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum List Spec. Lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus. 20: 1-276 (1860), 21: 277-498 (1860), 22: 499-755 (1861), 23: 757-1020 (1861), 24: 1021-1280 (1862), 25: 1281-1477 (1862), 26: 1478-1796 ([1863])

Warren, 1893

On new Genera and Species of Moths of the family Geometridae from India, in the collection of H. J. Elwes Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1893 : 341-434, pl. 30-32

Warren, 1894

New genera and species of Geometridae Novit. zool. 1 (2): 366-466

Warren, 1896

New species of Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae in the Tring Museum Novit. zool. 3 : 335-419

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.