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Phocides Hübner, [1819]

Phocides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (7): 103, TS: Phocides cruentus Hübner
Erycides Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (7): 110, TS: Papilio pigmalion Cramer

= ; [NL4A, 37]

Dysenius Scudder, 1872; 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 67, TS: Erycides albicilla Herrich-Schäffer

= ; [NL4A, 37]

Ericides ; Westwood, 1852, (missp.)
Eurycides ; Burmeister, 1880, (missp.)
Phocydes ; Plötz, 1881, (missp.)
Erycina ; Rocha, 1954, (missp.)
Euride ; Silva, 1967, (missp.)
Phocides (Eudamini) ; [NL4A, 37]

500x369 (~45Kb) Venezuela, Yacambu park near Barquisimeto, July 2002, Photo © Simon Coombes

The exact identification of this species is still unknown, but tentatively assumed to belong into this group.

Phocides belus Godman & Salvin, [1893]

Mexico. See [About maps] Phocides belus Godman & Salvin, [1893]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 293, 3: pl. 76, f. 17-18, TL: Mexico, Tampico; Paso de San Juan; Ventanas
Phocides belus, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Phocides belus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Phocides belus, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Phocides belus ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 733; [Opler]; [NL4A, #424]

Phocides charon (C. & R. Felder, 1859)

Brazil, Paraguay. See [About maps] Erycides charon C. & R. Felder, 1859; , TL: Brazil
Erycides scython Godman & Salvin, 1879; , TL: Paraguay

= ; [NL4A, #425]

Erycides tophana Plötz, 1879; Stettin Ent. Ztg 40 (7-9) : 406, TL: Brazil, Minas Gerais

= ; [NL4A, #425]

Phocides charon ; [NL4A, #425]

Phocides distans (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

Cuba?. See [About maps] Erycides distans Herrich-Schäffer, 1869
?Erycides distans Herrich-Schäffer, 1868; Prodr. Syst. Lep. 3: 60
Phocides distans ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 294, 3: pl. 76, f. 19-21; [NL4A, #426]

P. d. distans

Venezuela Erycides nakawara Weeks, 1906; Psyche 13 (2-3) : 70, TL: Suapure, Venezuela

= ; [NL4A, #426a]

Phocides distans distans ; [NL4A, #426a]

P. d. licinus (Möschler, 1879)

Colombia, Panama Erycides licinus Möschler, 1879; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 28 (Abh.) : 209, TL: Colombia; Panama
Erycides dysonii Plötz, 1879; (nom. nud.)

= ; [NL4A, #426b]

Erycides dysoni Plötz, 1879; (nom. nud.)

= ; [NL4A, #426b]

Pyrrhopyga[sic] dysoni Plötz, 1879; Stettin Ent. Ztg 40 (10-12) : 521 (repl. Erycides licinus Möschler), TL: Panama
Erycides sigovesus Möschler, 1880; (repl. name), TL: Colombia,Panama
Phocides distans ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 733
dysone ; Mabille, 1903, (missp.)
Jemadia licinus ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 264
Phocides distans licinus ; [NL4A, #426b]

P. d. silva Evans, 1952

Peru distans silva Evans, 1952; , TL: Peru
Phocides distans silva ; [NL4A, #426c]

Phocides johnsoni Bell, 1947

Colombia, ...?. See [About maps] Phocides johnsoni Bell, 1947; , TL: Colombia
Phocides johnsoni ; [NL4A, #427]

Phocides lincea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

-. See [About maps] Erycides lincea Herrich-Schäffer, 1869
Phocides lincea ; [NL4A, #428]

P. l. lincea

Brazil, ...? Erycides grandimacula Mabille, 1877; , TL: Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #428a]

Phocides lincea lincea ; [NL4A, #428a]

P. l. perkinsi (Kaye, 1931)

Jamaica lincea perkinsi (Kaye, 1931) (Epargyreus); , TL: Jamaica
perkinsae ; Riley, 1975, (missp.)
Phocides lincea perkinsi ; [NL4A, #428b]

Phocides metrodorus Bell, 1932

-. See [About maps] Phocides metrodorus Bell, 1932; , TL: Colombia
Phocides metrodorus ; [NL4A, #429]

P. m. metrodorus

Colombia, ...? Phocides metrodorus metrodorus ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 158; [NL4A, #429a]

P. m. metron Evans, 1952

Paraguay, ...? metrodorus metron Evans, 1952; , TL: Paraguay
Phocides metrodorus metron ; [NL4A, #429b]

P. m. nigrescens Bell, 1938

Colombia, ...? metrodorus nigrescens Bell, 1938; , TL: Colombia
Phocides metrodorus nigrescens ; [NL4A, #429c]

Phocides novalis Evans, 1952

Peru, ...?. See [About maps] Phocides novalis Evans, 1952; , TL: Peru
Phocides novalis ; [NL4A, #430]

Phocides oreides (Hewitson, 1875)

Bolivia, ...?. See [About maps] Erycides oreides Hewitson, 1875; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Pyrrhopyga V & Erycides): [83], pl. [42], f. 32, 36, TL: Peru
Phocides oreides ; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 15]; [NL4A, #431]

P. o. oreides

Peru, :::? oreades ; Hewitson, [1875], (missp.)
Phocides oreides oreides ; [NL4A, #431a]

P. o. colombiana Bell, 1938

Colombia, ...? oreides colombiana Bell, 1938; , TL: Colombia
columbiana ; Evans, 1952, (missp.)
Phocides oreides colombiana ; [NL4A, #431b]

Phocides padrona Evans, 1952

Peru, ..?. See [About maps] Phocides padrona Evans, 1952; , TL: Peru
Phocides padrona ; [NL4A, #432]

Phocides partia Evans, 1952

Peru, ...?. See [About maps] Phocides partia Evans, 1952; , TL: Peru
Phocides partia ; [NL4A, #433]

Phocides perillus (Mabille, 1888)

Colombia. See [About maps] Erycides perillus Mabille, 1888; , TL: Colombia
Phocides perillus ; [NL4A, #434]

Phocides pialia (Hewitson, 1857)

Mexico - Brazil. See [About maps] Pyrrhopyga[sic] pialia Hewitson, 1857; Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Pyrrhopyga I-II): [74], pl. [37], f. 12, TL: Brazil
Phocides pialia ; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 16]; [NL4A, #435]

P. p. pialia

Brazil Phocides parvus Röber, 1925; , TL: Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #435a]

Phocides zancleius Bell, 1932; , TL: Brazil, Santa Catarina

= ; [NL4A, #435a]

Phocides pialia pialia ; [NL4A, #435a]

P. p. intermedia Mielke, 1992

Brazil(Minas Gerais) Phocides pialia intermedia Mielke, 1992; , TL: Brazil, Minas Gerais
Phocides pialia intermedia ; [NL4A, #435b]

P. p. maximus (Mabille, 1888)

Brazil pialia maximus (Mabille, 1888) (Erycides); , TL: Brazil
Phocides pialia maximus ; [NL4A, #435c]

Phocides pigmalion (Cramer, [1779])

S.Florida - Argentina, Antilles, Colombia, Mexico. See [About maps] Mangrove Skipper
Papilio pigmalion Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 87, pl. 245, f. A, B, TL: Surinam
Phocides vulcanides Röber, 1925
Phocides pigmalion, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Pyrrhopyga[sic] pigmalion ; Hewitson, 1857, Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Pyrrhopyga I-II): [71], pl. [36], f. 3
Erycides pigmalion ; Plötz, 1879, Stettin Ent. Ztg 40 (7-9) : 410
Phocides pygmalion ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 292, 3: pl. 76, f. 16; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 733
Phocides pigmalion ; [NACL, #3865]; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 15]; [NL4A, #436]; [Opler]

Larva on Rhizophora mangle [NAB]

P. p. pigmalion

Surinam, Colombia, Peru, Brazil Phocides tenuistriga Mabille & Boullet, 1912; , TL: Colombia,Peru,Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #436a]

Phocides iocularis Röber, 1925; , TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #436a]

Phocides disparilis Röber, 1925; , TL: [Peru]

= ; [NL4A, #436a]

pygmalion ; Guérin-Méneville, 1828, (missp.)
pygmaleon ; Weeks, 1911, (missp.)
pigmalian ; Brown, 1978, (missp.)
pigmaleon ; R. G. Maza & White, 1990, (missp.)
Phocides pigmalion pigmalion ; [NL4A, #436a]

P. p. bicolora (Boddaert, 1783)

Haiti Sphinx bicolora Boddaert, 1783; , TL: [Haiti]
Erycides pyres Godman & Salvin, 1879; , TL: Haiti,"Puerto Rico"

= ; [NL4A, #436d]

bicolor ; Brown, 1978, (missp.)
Phocides pigmalion bicolora ; [NL4A, #436d]

P. p. batabano (Lucas, 1857)

Cuba, Tropical America pigmalion batabano (Lucas, 1857); , TL: Cuba
Eudamus batabano Lucas, 1857; in Sagra, Hist. fis. pol. nat. Isla Cuba (2) 7 : 624, TL: Cuba
Erycides mancinus Herrich-Schäffer, 1862; , TL: Cuba

= Erycides batabano ??Lefèbre, 1867; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 56
= ; [NL4A, #436b]

Erycides batabano Lefèbre, 1867[?]
Erycides batabano ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 56
Erycides batabana[sic] ; Plötz, 1879, Stettin Ent. Ztg 40 (7-9) : 407
macinus ; Barnes & Benjamin, 1926, (missp.)
mancimus ; Evans, 1952, (missp.)
Phocides pigmalion batabano ; [NL4A, #436b]
Phocides batabano ; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 14]

P. p. okeechobee (Worthington, 1881)

Florida Erycides pigmalion okeechobee Worthington, 1881; , TL: Florida
Phocides pigmalion okeechobee, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Phocides pigmalion okeechobee ; [NACL, #3865a]; [NL4A, #436f]

P. p. hewitsonius (Mabille, 1883)

Brazil(Amazonas), Peru, Bolivia pigmalion hewitsonius (Mabille, 1883) (Erycides); , TL: Brazil, Amazonas
Phocides aberrans Röber, 1925; , TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #436e]

Phocides jemadides Röber, 1925; , TL: Bolivia

= ; [NL4A, #436e]

Phocides pigmalion hewitsonius ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 158; [NL4A, #436e]

Misidentified/misapplied:

pigmalion; Hewitson, 1857

P. p. batabanoides (Holland, 1903)

Bahamas pigmalion batabanoides (Holland, 1903) (Erycides); , TL: Bahamas
Phocides pigmalion batabanoides ; [NL4A, #436c]

Phocides polybius (Fabricius, 1793)

S.Texas, Mexico - Argentina, CA, SA. See [About maps] Guava Skipper
Hesperia polybius Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 337, TL: "Indiis"
Phocides palemon, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Phocides palemon ; [NACL, #3866]
Phocides polybius ; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 17]; [NL4A, #437]; [Opler]

Larva on Psidium, P. guajava [NAB]

P. p. polybius

Surinam, Guyana Papilio palemon Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 54, pl. 131, f. F (homonym Papilio palaemon Pallas, 1771)
Phocides cruentus Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (7): 103 (repl. name), TL: Surinam
Phocides palaemonides Röber, 1925

= ; [NL4A, #437a]

Phocides palemon ab. gunderi Williams, 1931; , TL: Guyana

= ; [NL4A, #437a]

palaemon ; Goeze, 1780, (missp.) Erycides palemon ; Plötz, 1879, Stettin Ent. Ztg 40 (7-9) : 406

Phocides palemon ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 295 palemonides ; Evans, 1952, (missp.) plybius ; Cavalcante, 1983, (missp.) polybus ; Bentancourt & Scatoni, 1996, (missp.) Phocides polybius polybius ; [NL4A, #437a]

P. p. lilea (Reakirt, [1867])

Texas, Mexico - Colombia, Brazil Erycides lilea Reakirt, [1867]; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (5): 339, TL: Mexico, Veracruz
?Erycides albicilla Herrich-Schäffer, 1868; Prodr. Syst. Lep. 3: 61
Erycides albicilla Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23 (11): 169, TL: [Mexico]

= Phocides lilea ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 296
= ; [NL4A, #437b]

Dysenius cruentus Scudder, 1872; (preocc. Hübner, [1819]), TL: Guatemala

= Phocides lilea ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 296
= ; [NL4A, #437b]

Erycides sanguinea Scudder, 1872; , TL: Texas

= ?Phocides lilea ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 296
= ; [NL4A, #437b]

Erycides socius Butler & Druce, 1872; Cistula ent. 1 (5) : 112, TL: Costa Rica

= Phocides lilea ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 296
= ; [NL4A, #437b]

Erycides imbreus Plötz, 1879; Stettin Ent. Ztg 40 (7-9) : 406, TL: [S] Amer.

= ; [NL4A, #437b]

Erycides decolor Mabille, 1880

= Phocides lilea ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 296
= ; [NL4A, #437b]

Erycides spurius Mabille, 1880; , TL: [Colombia]

= ; [NL4A, #437b]

Phocides albiciliata Röber, 1925; , TL: Guatemala

= ; [NL4A, #437b]

Phocides polybius lilea, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Phocides polybius lilea, Butterflies of America [BOA]

Dysenius albicilla ; Scudder, 1872, 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 67 lilia ; Watson, 1893, (missp.)

Phocides lilea ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 296, 3: pl. 76, f. 23-24; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 733 Erycides lilea ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 56 Phocides lilea sanguinea ; Phocides palemon lilea ; [NACL, #3866a] Phocides lilea ; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 17 (text)] Phocides polybius lilea ; [NL4A, #437b]

Larva on Psidium cattleianum Neck, 1981, J. Lep. Soc. 35 (3): 240-242

P. p. phanias (Burmeister, 1880)

Argentina, Brazil polybius phanias (Burmeister, 1880) (Eurycides[sic]); , TL: Argentina
Phocides palaemon[sic] var. unimacula Mabille & Boullet, 1912; , TL: Brazil,Argentina

= ; [NL4A, #437c]

phanius ; Brown & Mielke, 1968, (missp.)
phanis ; Cavalcante, 1983, (missp.)
Phocides polybius phanias ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 158; [NL4A, #437c]

Phocides thermus (Mabille, 1883)

C.America, ...?. See [About maps] Erycides thermus Mabille, 1883; Bull. C. R. Soc. ent. Belg. 27: li [51], TL: Colombia
Phocides thermus ; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 18]; [NL4A, #438]

P. t. thermus

Colombia therinus ; Kirby, 1884, (missp.)
termus ; Mabille, 1903, (missp.)
thernus ; Andrade, 2002, (missp.)
Phocides thermus thermus ; [NL4A, #438a]

P. t. valgus (Mabille, 1883)

French Guiana thermus valgus (Mabille, 1883) (Erycides); , TL: French Guiana
Phocides thermus valgus ; [NL4A, #438c]

P. t. bellina Evans, 1952

Ecuador thermus bellina Evans, 1952; , TL: Ecuador
Phocides thermus bellina ; [NL4A, #438b]

Phocides urania (Westwood, [1852])

-. See [About maps] Erycides urania Westwood, [1852]; Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): 510, TL: Mexico, Oaxaca
Phocides urania urania, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Phocides urania urania, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Phocides urania, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Erycides urania ; Dyar, 1903, Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 56
Phocides urania ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 294, 3: pl. 76, f. 22; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 733; [NACL, #3867]; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 20]; [NL4A, #439]

P. u. urania

Mexico, Texas Erycides texana Scudder, 1872; 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 68, TL: Texas

= ; [NL4A, #439a]

Phocides urania urania ; [NL4A, #439a]

P. u. vida (Butler, 1872)

Costa Rica, Panama Erycides vida Butler, 1872; Cistula ent. 1 : 86, TL: Costa Rica
Phocides vida ; Godman & Salvin, [1893], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 295; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 20 (text)]
Phocides urania vida ; [NL4A, #439b]

Phocides vulcanides Röber, 1925

Colombia. See [About maps] Phocides vulcanides Röber, 1925; , TL: Colombia
Phocides xenocrates Bell, 1932; , TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #440]

Phocides xenocrates ;
Phocides vulcanides ; [NL4A, #440]

Phocides yokhara (Butler, 1870)

-. See [About maps] Erycides yokhara Butler, 1870; , TL: Peru
Phocides yokhara ; [NL4A, #441]

P. y. yokhara

Peru Phocides yokhara yokhara ; [NL4A, #441a]

P. y. charonotis (Hewitson, 1874)

Bolivia, Peru Ericides[sic] charonotis Hewitson, 1874; Descr. new Spec. Butts Buckley Bolivia: 21, TL: Bolivia
Phocides oreas Mabille & Boullet, 1912; , TL: Peru,Bolivia

= ; [NL4A, #441b]

Phocides debora Mabille & Boullet, 1912; , TL: Bolivia

= ; [NL4A, #441b]

Ericides[sic] charonotis ; Hewitson, 1875, Ill. exot. Butts [5] (Pyrrhopyga V & Erycides): [83], pl. [42], f. 33-34
charonitis ; Kirby, 1876, (missp.)
Phocides charonotis ; [BOW: pl. 85, f. 15 (text)]
Phocides yokhara charonotis ; [NL4A, #441b]

P. y. dryas Le Cerf, 1922

Peru yokhara dryas Le Cerf, 1922; , TL: Peru
Phocides yokhara dryas ; [NL4A, #441c]

P. y. inca Le Cerf, 1922

Peru yokhara inca Le Cerf, 1922; , TL: Peru
ab. pratti Le Cerf, 1922; , TL: Peru

= ; [NL4A, #441d]

Phocides yokhara inca ; [NL4A, #441d]

24.12.2011 (18)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BAMONA]

Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BHL]

The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[JLS]

Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[NAB]

Pyle, R. M.; National Audubon Society: Field Guide to North American Butterflies; 1981; ISBN 0-394-51914-0

[NACL]

Hodges, Ronald W. (ed.), 1983; Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

[Opler]

Opler & Warren, 2003 (April); Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico.

[Simon Coombes]

1 Park Street, Plymouth, PL3 4BL, UK; 01752 607854; e-mail: Simon Coombes; http://www.butterfly-guide.co.uk

Some related literature:

Brown & Mielke, 1967

Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera (continued) J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 145-168

Butler, 1872

Descriptions of new Butterflies from Costa Rica Cistula ent. 1 : 72-90

Butler & Druce, 1872

Descriptions of new genera and species of Lepidoptera from Costa Rica Cistula ent. 1 (5) : 95-118

Cramer, [1777]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)

Cramer, [1779]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 1-104, pl. 193-252 (1779), (22): 105-128, pl. 253-264 ([1780]), (23-24): 129-176, pl. 265-288 (1780)

Westwood, [1852]

The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29, 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)

Dyar, 1903

A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects Bull. U.S. nat. Mus. 52 : 1-723

Godman & Salvin, [1893]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Herrich-Schäffer, 1869

Versuch einer systematischen Anordnung der Schmetterlinge CorrespBl. zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 23 (4): 56-64, (5): 67-77, (9): 130-141, (11): 163-172, (12): 184-204

Hewitson, 1857; Hewitson, 1875

Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson Ill. exot. Butts [5] : (Systematic Index) V, (Anteros): [1-2], pl. [1] (1867), (Erycina & Necyria): [3-4], pl. [2] (1870), (Erycina Symmachia &c): [5-6], pl. [3] (1875), (Necyria & Esthemopsis): [7-8], pl. [4] (1872), (Calydna): [9-10], pl. [5] (1854), (Calydna II): [11-12], pl. [6] (1859), (Theope): [13-14], pl. [7] (1860), (Symmachia): [15-16], pl. [8] (1867), (Symmachia & Charis II): [17-18], pl. [9] (1871), (Charis): [19-20], pl. [10] (1866), (Emesis): [21-22], pl. [11] (1872), (Nymphidium I): [23-24], pl. [12] (1853), (Nymphidium II-III): [25-28], pl. [13-14] (1865), (Nymphidium IV): [29-30], pl. [15] (1871), (Lemonias I): [31-32], pl. [16] (1853), (Lemonias II): [33-34], pl. [17] (1858), (Lemonias III-IV): [35-38], pl. [18-19] (1863), (Lemonias V): [39-40], pl. [20] (1872), (Lemonias & Baeotis): [41-42], pl. [21] (1875), (Lemonias & Baeotis): [43-44], pl. [22] (1874), (Pachythone & Cremna): [45-46], pl. [23] (1873), (Hades, Uraneis, &c): [47-48], pl. [24] (1870), (Limnas I-II): [49-52], pl. [25-26] (1853), (Limnas & Panara): [53-54], pl. [27] (1875), (Limnas &c): [55-56], pl. [28] (1876), (Limnas & Ithomeis): [57-58], pl. [29] (1870), (Chamaelimnas & Ithomiola): [59-60], pl. [30] (1871), (Hermathena &c): [61-62], pl. [31] (1875), (Ogyris): [63-64], pl. [32] (1853), (Pentila & Liptena): [65-66], pl. [33] (1866), (Pentila & Liptena II): [67-68], pl. [34] (1873), (Lycaena): [69-70], pl. [35] (1876), (Pyrrhopyga I-II): [71-74], pl. [36-37] (1857), (Pyrrhopyga): [75-76], pl. [38] (1869), (Pyrrhopyga II-III): [77-80], pl. [39-40] (1871), (Pyrrhopyga IV): [81-82], pl. [41] (1873), (Pyrrhopyga V & Erycides): [83-84], pl. [42] (1875), (Ismene I-II): [85-88], pl. [43-44] (1867), (Eudamus): [89-90], pl. [45] (1873), (Eudamus II-III): [91-94], pl. [46-47] (1875), (Chaetocneme): [95-96], pl. [48] (1874), (Hesperia I-II): [97-100], pl. [49-50] (1867), (Hesperia III): [101-102], pl. [51] (1868), (Hesperia IV): [103-104], pl. [52] (1869), (Hesperia V): [105-106], pl. [53] (1872), (Hesperia V*-VI): [107-110], pl. [54-55] (1873), (Hesperia VII): [111-112], pl. [56] (1876), (Leucochitonea): [113-114], pl. [57] (1869), (Leucochitonea II): [115-116], pl. [58] (1875), (Pterygospidea): [117-118], pl. [59] (1873), (Cyclopides): [119-120], pl. [60] (1874), (Cyclopides & Hesperilla): [121-122], pl. [61] (1874)

Hewitson, 1874

Descriptions of new species of butterflies collected by Mr. Buckley in Bolivia Descr. new Spec. Butts Buckley Bolivia: 22pp

Hübner, [1819]

Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])

Lucas, 1857

Historia física política y natural de la Isla de Cuba. (Lepidópteros) in Sagra, Hist. fis. pol. nat. Isla Cuba (2) 7 : 474-750, pl. 14-17 (French Edition) (1857), : 202-313, pl. 14-17 (1857)

Möschler, 1879

Neue exotische Hesperidae Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 28 (Abh.) : 203-230

Neck, 1981

Leaf selection for oviposition sites by a tropical skipper butterfly J. Lep. Soc. 35 (3): 240-242

Plötz, 1879

Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Erycides Hübn. und ihre Arten Stettin Ent. Ztg 40 (7-9) : 406-411

Plötz, 1879

Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Pyrrhopyga und ihre Arten Stettin Ent. Ztg 40 (10-12) : 520-538

Reakirt, [1867]

Descriptions of some new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Series II Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 331-336 (1867), (5): 337-342 (1867)

Scudder, 1872

A systematic Revision of some of the American Butterflies; with brief notes on those known to occur in Essex County, Mass. 4th Ann. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci. (1871): 24-83

Weeks, 1906

New Lepidoptera from Venezuela Psyche 13 (2-3) : 67-73

Additional information sources:

• Dr. Gustavo R. Canals; 62 Nº 339 Dto. 1 (1 y 2); La Plata B1904AGM; Buenos Aires - Argentina; e-mail: Gustavo Canals; Telefax: 54 221 422 3937

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.