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Arcas Swainson, 1832

Arcas Swainson, 1832; Zool. Illustr. (2) 2 (19): pl. 88, TS: Papilio imperialis Cramer
Arcas (Eumaeini) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 440; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 141-161; [NL4A, 119]

Arcas imperialis (Cramer, [1775])

Mexico (Vera Cruz) - Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, French Guiana - Brazil (Amazonas, Espirito Santo, Mato Grosso, Para, Minas Gerais, Săo Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rondônia). See [About maps] Papilio imperialis Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 120, pl. 76, f. E, F, TL: Surinam
Papilio actaeon Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 829 (suppr.)

= ; [NL4A, #95]

Papilio venus Fabricius, 1781; Spec. Ins. 2 : 115 (repl. name), TL: Surinam

= ; [NL4A, #95]

Theritas oakesii Butler, 1884; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 14 (82) : 267, TL: Colombia

= ; Nicolay, 1971, J. Lep. Soc. 25 (2): 95; [NL4A, #95]

Arcas magnifica Austin & Johnson, 1995; Tropical Lepidoptera 6: 32, f. 2, 6, 10, 15, 20, 24, 29, TL: Brazil, Rondônia

= ; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 142; [NL4A, #95]

Thecla actaeon ; Hewitson, 1865, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (2): 72
Thecla imperialis ; Hewitson, 1865, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (2): 71; Godman & Salvin, [1887], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 13, 3: pl. 48, f. 15-16
Eucharia imperialis ; Boisduval, 1870, Considérations Lépid. Guatemala: 14
Thecla (Theritas) imperialis ; Draudt, 1919, in Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the World (Thecla): 746, pl. 146, row c., f.
Theritas imperialis ; [BOW: pl. 69, f. 46]
Arcas imperialis ; [EBW]; Swainson, 1832, Zool. Illustr. (2) 2 (19): 88; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 151; Nicolay, 1971, J. Lep. Soc. 25 (2): 95; Emmel & Austin, 1990, Tropical Lepidoptera 1 (1): 9; Luis Martinez, Vargas Fernandez & Llorente Bousquets, 1995, Folia ent. mexicana 93: 127; D'Abrera, 1995, Butts. Neotrop. Region, Part VII: 1103, f.; Austin & Johnson, 1995, Tropical Lepidoptera 6: 32, f. 1, 3, 9, 14, 19, 23, 28; Salazar Escobar & Constantino, 1995, Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 23 (90): 124; Austin, Haddad, Méndez, Sisk, Murphy, Launer, Ehrlich, 1996, Tropical Lepidoptera 7 (1): 30; Nielsen, Salazar Escobar & Vargas, 2001, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat., Univ. Caldas 5: 99; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 142, f. 1-6; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 142, f. 1-6; [NL4A, #95]

Arcas ducalis (Westwood, 1852)

Brazil. See [About maps] Thecla ducalis Westwood, 1852; Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 151 [?], (2): pl. 77, f. 1, TL: Brazil
Thecla ducalis ; Hewitson, 1865, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (2): 71, pl. 28, f. 16; [BOW: pl. 68, f. 8]
Arcas ducalis ; [EBW]; [NL4A, #96]

Arcas delphia Nicolay, 1971

Costa Rica, Colombia. See [About maps] Arcas delphia Nicolay, 1971; J. Lep. Soc. 25 (2): 101, f. 2a-b, 4a, 8a-d, 10f, TL: Costa Rica
Arcas katia Salazar, 2001; (nom. nud.)

= ; [NL4A, #97]

Arcas katia Johnson & Salazar, 2002; , TL: Colombia

= ; [NL4A, #97]; Bálint, 2006, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 98: (147-148)

Arcas delphia ; D'Abrera, 1995, Butts. Neotrop. Region, Part VII: 1104-1104; [NL4A, #97]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Thecla paphia; Röber, 1923, Ent. Mitteil. 12 (1): 59

Arcas tuneta (Hewitson, 1865)

Brazil (Santa Catharina, Rio de Janeiro, Săo Paolo, Rondônia, ...). See [About maps] Thecla tuneta Hewitson, 1865; Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (2): 71, pl. 28, f. 14-15, TL: Brazil, Amazonas
Arcas marginata Austin & Johnson, 1995; Tropical Lepidoptera 6: 32, f. 2, 6, 10, 15, 20, 24, 29, TL: Brazil, Rondônia

= ; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 150; [NL4A, #98]

Arcas viriditas Austin & Johnson, 1995; Tropical Lepidoptera 6: 34, f. 4, 8, 12, 17, 26, 31, TL: Brazil, Rondônia

= ; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 150; [NL4A, #98]

Arcas arcadia Bálint, 2002; Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 153, f. 17-20, TL: Santa Catharina, Brazil

= ; [NL4A, #98]

Thecla (Theritas) tuneta ; Draudt, 1919, in Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the World (Thecla): 746, pl. 146, row d, f. "tuneta","tuneta U"
Arcas tuneta ; [EBW]; D'Abrera, 1995, Butts. Neotrop. Region, Part VII: 1104-1105, f. "A. tuneta"; Austin & Johnson, 1995, Tropical Lepidoptera 6: 34, f. 3, 7, 11-12, 21, 25, 30; Salazar Escobar & Constantino, 1995, Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 23 (90): 124
Arcas arcadia ; Bálint, 2006, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 98: (147-148)
Arcas (tuneta) tuneta ; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 150, f. 14-16
Arcas tuneta ; [NL4A, #98]

Misidentified/misapplied:

Arcas tuneta; Nicolay, 1971, J. Lep. Soc. 25 (2): 100, f. 2c, 4b, 8e-f, 10e

Arcas jivaro Nicolay, 1971

Ecuador, Peru?. See [About maps] Arcas jivaro Nicolay, 1971; J. Lep. Soc. 25 (2): 105, f. 5, 11c-d, TL: Ecuador

= Arcas tuneta ; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 150

Arcas jivaro ; [NL4A, #101]

Arcas nicolayi Salazar Escobar & Constantino, 1995

Colombia, Peru. See [About maps] Arcas nicolayi Salazar Escobar & Constantino, 1995; Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 23 (90): 125, TL: Colombia, Risaralda, San Antonio del Chamí, 1800m

= Arcas splendor ; Bálint, 2006, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 98: (147-148)

Arcas lecromi Salazar Escobar & Constantino, 1995; Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 23 (92): 458, TL: Colombia, Risaralda, Río Consota, 1600m

= ; [NL4A, #99]
= Arcas splendor ; Bálint, 2006, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 98: (147-148)

Arcas alleluia Bálint, 2002; Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 156, f. 31-32, TL: N.Peru

= ; [NL4A, #99]

Arcas alleluia ; Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2006, Genus, 17: 274, f. 1-2; Bálint, 2006, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 98: (147-148)
Arcas lecromi ; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: f. 29-30
Arcas nicolayi ; [NL4A, #99]

Arcas splendor (Druce, 1907)

Colombia. See [About maps] Thecla splendor Druce, 1907; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1907 (3) : 570, pl. 31, f. 4, TL: Colombia, Bogotá(?)
Thecla (Theritas) tuneta splendor ; Draudt, 1919, in Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the World (Thecla): 746, pl. 146, row d, f. "splendor"
Arcas splendor ; Nicolay, 1971, J. Lep. Soc. 25 (2): 105, f. 2d, 5b, 9a-d, 10c; D'Abrera, 1995, Butts. Neotrop. Region, Part VII: 1104-1105; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 154, f. 24-26; [NL4A, #100]

Arcas cypria (Geyer, [1837])

Mexico - Colombia. See [About maps] Theritas cypria Geyer, [1837]; in Hübner, Zuträge. Samml. exot. Schmett. 5 : 36, : pl. 162, f. 945-946, TL: "Yucatan"
Pseudolycaena paphia C. & R. Felder, [1865]; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (2): 234, pl. 28, f. 12-13, TL: Colombia

= ; Godman & Salvin, 1887, Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 2; [NL4A, #102]

Thecla publica Röber, 1923; Ent. Mitteil. 12 (1): 58, TL: Colombia

= ; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 144; [NL4A, #102]

Arcas cypria, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Arcas cypria, Butterflies of America [BOA]

Theritas cypria ; [BOW: pl. 69, f. 44] Thecla cypria ; Hewitson, 1865, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (2): 71; Godman & Salvin, [1887], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 13, 3: pl. 48, f. 12-13; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 713 Thecla (Theritas) cypria paphia ; Draudt, 1919, in Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the World (Thecla): 746, pl. 136, row d, f. "cypria"

Thecla publica ; Bridges, 1988, Cat. Lycaenidae & Riodinidae: II.108; Bridges, 1994, Cat. fam.- gen.- spec.-group names Riodinidae & Lycaenidae: 387 Arcas cypria ; Nicolay, 1971, J. Lep. Soc. 25 (2): 101, f. 1d, 4c, 7e-f, 10d; Luis Martinez, Vargas Fernandez & Llorente Bousquets, 1995, Folia ent. mexicana 93: 127; Llorente Bousquets, Luis Martinez, Vargas Fernandez & Warren, 1995, Revista Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat. 46: 46; D'Abrera, 1995, Butts. Neotrop. Region, Part VII: 1104-1105; Salazar Escobar & Constantino, 1995, Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 23 (90): 124 Arcas cypria publica ; D'Abrera, 1995, Butts. Neotrop. Region, Part VII: 1104; Salazar Escobar, 2001, Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Caldas 5: 137 Arcas cypria ; Bálint, 2002, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 14, f. 7-13; [NL4A, #102]

536x564 (~42Kb) female Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey

15.12.2011 (9)

References:

[About maps]

Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.

[BCA]

electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA

[BHL]

The; Biodiversity Heritage Library; and on; Internet Archive; Note: The linking to the content of Internet Archive is somewhat delicate -- notify me when links break!

[BOA]

Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America

[BOW]

Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X

[EBW]

Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6

[HBN]

Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2

[ILMB]

Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies

[JLS]

Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles

[John Shuey]

e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org

[LAMAS-NEO]

Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)

[NL4A]

Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea

Some related literature:

Austin, Haddad, Méndez, Sisk, Murphy, Launer, Ehrlich, 1996

Annotated checklist of the butterflies of the Tikal National Park Area of Guatemala Tropical Lepidoptera 7 (1): 21-37

Austin & Johnson, 1995

Theclinae of Rondônia, Brazil: Arcas, with descriptions of three new species Tropical Lepidoptera 6: 31-39

Bálint, 2002

Miscellaneous notes on Arcas Swainson, 1832 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Eumaeini) Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 94: 141-161

Bálint, 2006

Arcas Swainson, 1832 is revisited: review of some species-group names, identifications of the sister group and a key for species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 98: 147-148

Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2006

Contribution to the knowledge of Neotropical Lycaenidae - reinstating names of three recently described species and description of a new one (Lepidoptera: Eumaeini) Genus, 17: 273-282

Boisduval, 1870

Considerations sur des Lépidoptčres envoyés du Guatemala ŕ M. de l'Orza Considérations Lépid. Guatemala: 100pp

Bridges, 1988

Catalogue of Lycaenidae & Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Cat. Lycaenidae & Riodinidae: 1-811

Bridges, 1994

Catalogue of the family-group, genus-group, and species-group names of the Riodinidae and Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) of the World Cat. fam.- gen.- spec.-group names Riodinidae & Lycaenidae: 1128pp

Brown & Mielke, 1967

Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera (continued) J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 145-168

Butler, 1884

On a new Species of the Theclid Genus Theritas from Colombia Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 14 (82) : 267

Cramer, [1775]

Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 1-132, pl. 1-84 (1775), (8): 133-155, pl. 85-96 (1776)

Westwood, 1852

The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): 1-18, pl. A, 1-4 (1-2) (1846), (1): 19-132, pl. 4*, 5-25, 28 (3-14) (1847), (1): 133-200, pl. 1*, 26, 27, 29, 31-44 (15-23) (1848), (1): 201-242, pl. 30, 45-52, 56-58, 60-62, 64 (24-31) (1849), (1): 243-250 [?], (2): 243-326, pl. 53-55, 63, 65, 66 (32-38) (1850), (2): 327-466, pl. 59, 67-77 (39-50) (1851), (2): 467-534, 143, 144, pl. 78-80 (Index) (51-54) (1852)

Druce, 1907

On Neotropical Lycaenidae, with Descriptions of New Species Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1907 (3) : 566-632, pl. 31-36

Eliot, 1973

The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative Arrangement Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 373-505, 162fgs, pl. 1-6

Emmel & Austin, 1990

The tropical rain forest butterfly fauna of Rondonia, Brazil: Species diversity and conservation Tropical Lepidoptera 1 (1): 1-12

Fabricius, 1775

Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. Syst. Ent.: 832pp

Fabricius, 1781

Species Insectorum Exhibentes Eorum Differentia Specifica, Synonyma Auctorum, Loca Natalia, Metamorphosin Adiectis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Tom II Spec. Ins. 2 : 1-494 (1781), : 495-514 (appendix), 515-517 (index) ([1782])

C. & R. Felder, [1865]

Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 1-136, pl. 1-21 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, [1865]), (2): 137-378, pl. 22-47 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1865), (3): 379-536, pl. 48-74 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1867), (4): 537-548, pl. 75-120, (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-9 (pl. 1-74), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) , (5): pl. 121-140, (erklärung) 1-10 (pl. 75-107), (Inhalts-Vers.) 1-20 (pl. 108-140), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)

Godman & Salvin, [1887]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]

Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112

Hewitson, 1865

Illustrations of diurnal Lepidoptera. Lycaenidae Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (1): 1-36,37*, pl. 1-16 (1863), (2): 37-76, pl. 17-30 (1865), (3): 77-114, pl. 31-46 (1867), (4): 115-136,14a-h, pl. 47-54,3a-c, (Suppl.) 1-16, pl. 1-5 (1869), (5): 137-150,151*, pl. 55-59, (Suppl.) pl. 6 (1873), (6): 151-184,185*, pl. 60-73 (1874), (7): 185-208,209*, pl. 74-83 (1877), (8): 209-228, pl. 84-85,88-92, (Suppl.) 17-47, pl. 1a-b,3a-b,4a,5a-b,7-8 (1878)

Geyer, [1837]

Zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge, Vol. 5 [1833]-1837 in Hübner, Zuträge. Samml. exot. Schmett. 5 : [1-3], 4, [5], 6-52 (1837), : pl. [138-151], f. 801-880 (1833), : pl. [152-172], f. 881-1000 (1834 - 1836)

Llorente Bousquets, Luis Martinez, Vargas Fernandez & Warren, 1995

Lista de las Mariposas del Estate de Jalisco, México Revista Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat. 46: 35-48

Luis Martinez, Vargas Fernandez & Llorente Bousquets, 1995

Sintesis de los Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) del estado de Veracruz Folia ent. mexicana 93: 91-133

Nicolay, 1971

A review of the genus Arcas with descriptions of new species J. Lep. Soc. 25 (2): 87-108

Nielsen, Salazar Escobar & Vargas, 2001

Reconocimiento de Rhopalocera en algunas taxocnosis de lepidoperos Chocoanos y Amazonicos Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat., Univ. Caldas 5: 93-107

Röber, 1923

Neue Schmetterlinge Ent. Mitteil. 12 (1): 57-59 (5 January)

Salazar Escobar, 2001

Novedades en el Museo de Historia Natural Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Caldas 5: 136-137

Salazar Escobar & Constantino, 1995

Sobre algunas especies colombianas de género Arcas Swainson, 1832 y descripción de una nueva (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 23 (90): 123-128

Salazar Escobar & Constantino, 1995

Descripción de un nuevo género y dos especies nuevas de lepidópteros de la Cordillera Central de Coombia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 23 (92): 457-464

Swainson, 1832

Zoological illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their apparent affinities. Second series Zool. Illustr. (2) 1: 1-30, pl. 1-30 (1829), 1: 31-45, pl. 31-45 (1830), 2 (11): 46-50, pl. 46-50, 2 (12): 51-55, pl. 51-55, 2 (13): 56-60, pl. 56-60, 2 (14): 61-65, pl. 61-65, 2 (15): 66-70, pl. 66-70, 2 (16): 71-75, pl. 71-75, 2 (17): 76-80, pl. 76-80, 2 (18): 81-85, pl. 81-85 (1831), 2 (19): 86-90, pl. 86-90, 2 (20): 91, pl. 91 (1832), 3 (21): 92-96, pl. 92-96 (1832), 3 (22): 97-101, pl. 97-101, 3 (23): 102-106, pl. 102-106, 3 (24): 107-111, pl. 107-111, 3 (25): 112-116, pl. 112-116, 3 (26): 117-121, pl. 117-121, 3 (27): 122-126, pl. 122-126, 3 (28): 127-131, pl. 127-131, 3 (29): 132-136, pl. 132-136 (1833)

If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.