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Panthiades Hübner, [1819]
Panthiades Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (5): 79, TS: Papilio pelion Cramer
Cycnus Hübner, [1819]; Verz. bek. Schmett. (6): 81, TS: Papilio phaleros Linnaeus
= ; [NL4A, 134]
Cycnu (Eumaeini) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 440
Panthiades (Eumaeini) ; Eliot, 1973, Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 440; [NL4A, 134]

Panthiades bitias (Cramer, [1777])
Mexico - Amazon, Surinam. See [About maps] Papilio bitias Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): pl. 104, f. E, TL: Surinam
Papilio syncellus Stoll, [1780]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): pl. 334, f. A, B, TL: Surinam
= ; [NL4A, #856]
Thecla eribaea Hewitson, 1867; Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (3): 108, pl. 42, f. 154-155, TL: Brazil, Pará
= ; [NL4A, #856]
Thecla syncellus sierrae Dyar, 1916; , TL: Mexico, Guerrero
= ; [NL4A, #856]
Thecla deserta Draudt, [1918]; , TL: Mexico, Guerrero
= ; [NL4A, #856]
Panthiades bitias, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panthiades bitias, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panthiades bitias, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
Thecla syncellus ; Hewitson, 1867, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (3): 109, (6): 183, (3): pl. 46, f. 207-208, (6): pl. 72, f. 553-554; Godman & Salvin, [1887], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 54; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 718
Thecla bitias ; [EBW]; [BOW: pl. 67, f. 44]
Panthiades bitias ; [NL4A, #856]
[bitias-1m.jpg] 483x547 (~35Kb) male Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey


Panthiades hebraeus (Hewitson, 1867)
Brazil(Pará), Paraguay, Argentina. See [About maps] Thecla hebraeus Hewitson, 1867; Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (3): 104, pl. 43, f. 165-166, TL: Brazil, Pará
Thecla nannidion Burmeister, 1878; , TL: Argentina
= ; [NL4A, #857]
Panthiades cimelium Gosse, 1880; Entomologist 13 : 203, pl. 2, f. 2, TL: Paraguay
= ; [NL4A, #857]
"Thecla" hebraeus cimelium ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 152
Panthiades hebraeus ; [NL4A, #857]

Panthiades aeolus (Fabricius, 1775)
Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Trinidad. See [About maps] Papilio aeolus Fabricius, 1775; , TL: "Indiis"
Papilio simplex Walch, 1775
= ; [NL4A, #858]
Papilio pelion Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 10, pl. 6, f. E, F, TL: Guyana
= ; [NL4A, #858]
Papilio thallus Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (22): pl. 259, f. C, D, TL: Surinam
= ; [NL4A, #858]
Thecla thallus ; Hewitson, 1867, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (3): 100
Panthiades pelion ; [BOW:pl. 67, f. 22]; [EBW]
Panthiades aeolus ; [NL4A, #858]

Panthiades boreas (C. & R. Felder, 1865)
Colombia, Amazon. See [About maps] Pseudolycaena boreas C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (2): pl. 31, f. 12, TL: Colombia
Thecla boreas ; Hewitson, 1867, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (3): 101
Panthiades boreas ; [BOW: pl. 67, f. 22 (text only)]; [NL4A, #859]

Panthiades ochus (Godman & Salvin, [1887])
Mexico, Guatemala. See [About maps] Thecla ochus Godman & Salvin, [1887]; Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 55, 3: pl. 54, f. 24-27, TL: Guatemala
Panthiades ochus, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panthiades ochus, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Thecla ochus ; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 718
Panthiades ochus ; [BOW:pl. 67, f. 22 (text only)]; [NL4A, #860]

Panthiades paphlagon (C. & R. Felder, 1865)
Colombia, Peru, Venezuela. See [About maps] Pseudolycaena paphlagon C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (2): 249, pl. 31, f. 10-11, TL: Colombia
Thecla paphlagon ; Hewitson, 1867, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (3): 100
Panthiades paphlagon ; [BOW:pl. 67, f. 22 (text only)]; [NL4A, #861]

Panthiades bathildis (C. & R. Felder, 1865)
Mexico, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Colombia, Surinam. See [About maps] Pseudolycaena bathildis C. & R. Felder, 1865; Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (2): pl. 31, f. 19-20, TL: Venezuela
Papilio battus Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): pl. 51, f. F, G (preocc. Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), TL: Surinam
= ; [NL4A, #862]
Thecla jalan Reakirt, [1867]; Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 335, TL: Mexico, Veracruz
= ; [NL4A, #862]
Thecla aufidena Hewitson, 1869; Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (4): 117, pl. 47, f. 213-214, TL: Nicaragua
= ; [NL4A, #862]
Panthiades bathildis, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panthiades bathildis, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Panthiades bathildis, Butterflies and Moths of North America [BAMONA]
bathis ; Fabricius, 1781, (missp.)
Thecla aufidena ; Godman & Salvin, [1887], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 22, 3: pl. 50, f. 1-3; Godman & Salvin, [1901], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 714
Panthiades battus jalan ;
Cycnus battus ; [EBW]
Thecla battus ; Hewitson, 1867, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (3): 84; [BOW: pl. 69, f. 5 (text)]
Panthiades bathildis ; [NL4A, #862]

Panthiades phaleros (Linnaeus, 1767)
Mexico - Brazil. See [About maps] Papilio phaleros Linnaeus, 1767; Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): 796, no. 272, TL: "Indiis"
Papilio silenus Cramer, [1780]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (23-24): pl. 282, f. E (preocc. Fabricius, 1775), TL: Surinam
= ; [NL4A, #863]
Papilio agis Drury, 1782; Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 3 : pl. 26, f. 3-4, TL: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro
= ; [NL4A, #863]
Hesperia chiton Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 262, TL: "Indiis"
= ; [NL4A, #863]
Papilio silenissa Herbst, 1800; (repl. name), TL: Surinam
= ; [NL4A, #863]
Panthiades phaleros, Listing of Mexican Butterflies [ILMB]
Panthiades phaleros, Butterflies of America [BOA]
Thecla phaleros ; Hewitson, 1867, Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (3): 85; Godman & Salvin, [1887], Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 22, 3: pl. 50, f. 4-6
Cycnus phaleros ; Brown & Mielke, 1967, J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 152; [EBW]
Thecla phaleros ; [BOW: pl. 69, f. 5]
Panthiades phaleros ; Honey & Scoble, 2001, Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132: 362; [NL4A, #863]
[phaleros-1f.jpg] 494x547 (~39Kb) female Belize, Central America, Photo © John Shuey


11.12.2011 (8)

References:
[About maps]
Warning! The maps are automatically generated from the textual information, and the process does not always produce acceptable result; See about maps for more info.
[BAMONA]
Paul Opler, Harry Pavulaan, Ray Stanford, Michael Pogue; Butterflies and Moths of North America; Mountain Prairie Information Node
[BCA]
electronic; BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA
[BOA]
Interactive Listing of American Butterflies; Listado Interactivo de la Mariposas Americanas; Butterflies of America
[BOW]
Lewis, H. L., 1974; Butterflies of the World; ISBN 0 245 52097 X
[EBW]
Smart, Paul, 1976; The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World; ISBN 0 600 31381 6
[HBN]
Francis Hemming, 1937; HÜBNER, A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer, Vol 1 & 2
[ILMB]
Interactive Listing of Mexican Butterflies
[JLS]
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society; the original J. Lep. Soc. articles
[John Shuey]
e-mail: jshuey at tnc.org; Director of Conservation Science; Indiana Office of The Nature Conservancy; http://www.nature.org
[LAMAS-NEO]
Gerardo Lamas; Bibliography of butterflies; An Annocated Bibliography of the Neotropical Butterflies and Skipper (Lepididoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea); Revised Electronic Edition (2007)
[NL4A]
Gerardo Lamas, 2004; Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part 4A; Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea


Some related literature:
Brown & Mielke, 1967
Lepidoptera of the Central Brazil Plateau. I. Preliminary list of Rhopalocera (continued) J. Lep. Soc. 21 (3): 145-168
Cramer, [1775]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 1-132, pl. 1-84 (1775), (8): 133-155, pl. 85-96 (1776)
Cramer, [1777]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 1-152, pl. 97-192 (1777)
Cramer, [1779]; Cramer, [1780]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 1-104, pl. 193-252 (1779), (22): 105-128, pl. 253-264 ([1780]), (23-24): 129-176, pl. 265-288 (1780)
Drury, 1782
Illustrations of natural history; wherein are exhibited ... Illust. Nat. Hist. Exot. Insects 3 : 1-76, pl. 1-50
Eliot, 1973
The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative Arrangement Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.) 28 (6) : 373-505, 162fgs, pl. 1-6
C. & R. Felder, 1865
Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (1): 1-136, pl. 1-21 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, [1865]), (2): 137-378, pl. 22-47 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1865), (3): 379-536, pl. 48-74 (Rhop.) (C. & R. Felder, 1867), (4): 537-548, pl. 75-120, (Inhalts-Verz.) 1-9 (pl. 1-74), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) , (5): pl. 121-140, (erklärung) 1-10 (pl. 75-107), (Inhalts-Vers.) 1-20 (pl. 108-140), (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
Godman & Salvin, [1887]; Godman & Salvin, [1901]
Biologia Centrali-Americana. Rhopalocera. (1887-1901) Biol. centr.-amer., Lep. Rhop. 2: 1-782, 3: pl. 1-112
Gosse, 1880
The butterflies of Paraguay, and La Plata Entomologist 13 : 193-205, pl. 2
Hewitson, 1867; Hewitson, 1869
Illustrations of diurnal Lepidoptera. Lycaenidae Ill. diurn. Lep. Lycaenidae (1): 1-36,37*, pl. 1-16 (1863), (2): 37-76, pl. 17-30 (1865), (3): 77-114, pl. 31-46 (1867), (4): 115-136,14a-h, pl. 47-54,3a-c, (Suppl.) 1-16, pl. 1-5 (1869), (5): 137-150,151*, pl. 55-59, (Suppl.) pl. 6 (1873), (6): 151-184,185*, pl. 60-73 (1874), (7): 185-208,209*, pl. 74-83 (1877), (8): 209-228, pl. 84-85,88-92, (Suppl.) 17-47, pl. 1a-b,3a-b,4a,5a-b,7-8 (1878)
Honey & Scoble, 2001
Linnaeus's butterflies Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 132: 277-399, 39figs
Hübner, [1819]
Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
Linnaeus, 1767
Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, .... Editio Duocecima Reformata. Tom. 1. Part II. Syst. Nat. (Edn 12) 1 (2): -,533-1327
Reakirt, [1867]
Descriptions of some new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Series II Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 18 (4): 331-336 (1867), (5): 337-342 (1867)
Stoll, [1780]
Uitlandsche Kapellen (Papillons exotiques) in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (26b-28): 29-90, pl. 305-336 (1780), (29-31): 91-164, pl. 337-372 (1781), (32-32): 165-252, 1-29, pl. 373-400 (1782)


If you have corrections, comments or information to add into these pages, just send mail to Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.