Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

PTI/ICANN 12025 Waterfront Drive Los Angeles CA 90094 United States of America kim.davies@iana.org

Ericsson Research

02700 Kauniainen Finland jari.arkko@ericsson.com

root zone IANA top-level domain root nameservers DNS ARPA This document describes revisions to operational practices to separate the function of the "arpa" top-level domain in the DNS from its historical operation alongside the DNS root zone.

Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and represents information that the IAB has deemed valuable to provide for permanent record. It represents the consensus of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). Documents approved for publication by the IAB are not candidates for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at .

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Table of Contents

• .  Introduction
• .  Requirements for the "arpa" Zone
• .  Transition Process
  • .  Dedicated Nameserver Hostnames
  • .  Separation of Infrastructure
  • .  Zone Administration
  • .  Conclusion of Process
• .  IANA Considerations
• .  Security Considerations
• .  References
  • .  Normative References
  • .  Informative References
• IAB Members at the Time of Approval
• Acknowledgments
• Authors' Addresses

Introduction The "arpa" top-level domain is designated as an "infrastructure domain" to support techniques defined by Internet standards. Zones under the "arpa" domain provide various mappings, such as IP addresses to domain names and E.164 numbers to URIs. It also contains special-use names such as "home", which is a nonunique name used in residential networks. Historically, the "arpa" zone has been hosted on almost all of the root nameservers (NSs), and envisages the "arpa" domain to be "sufficiently critical that the operational requirements for the root servers apply to the operational requirements of the "arpa" servers". To date, this has been implemented by serving the "arpa" domain directly on a subset of the root server infrastructure. This bundling of root nameserver and "arpa" nameserver operations has entwined management of the zones' contents and their infrastructures. As a result, some proposals under consideration by the IETF involving the "arpa" zone have been discarded due to the risk of conflict with operations associated with managing the content of the root zone or administering the root nameservers. The separation described in this document resolves the operational impacts of synchronizing edits to the root zone and the "arpa" zone by eliminating the current dependency and allowing more tailored operations based on the unique requirements of each zone.

Requirements for the "arpa" Zone The "arpa" domain continues to play a role in critical Internet operations, and this change does not propose weakening operational requirements described in for the domain. Future operational requirements for the "arpa" domain are encouraged to follow strong baseline requirements such as those documented in . Changes to the administration of the "arpa" zone do not alter the management practices of other zones delegated within the "arpa" namespace. For example, "ip6.arpa" would continue to be managed in accordance with .

Transition Process The process will dedicate new hostnames to the servers that are authoritative for the "arpa" zone, but it will initially serve the "arpa" zone from the same hosts. Once completed, subsequent transitional phases could include using new hosts to replace or augment the existing root nameserver hosts and separating the editing and distribution of the "arpa" zone from necessarily being connected to the root zone. Any future management considerations regarding how such changes may be performed are beyond the scope of this document.

Dedicated Nameserver Hostnames Consistent with the use of the "arpa" namespace itself to host nameservers for other delegations in the "arpa" zone , this document specifies a new namespace of "ns.arpa", with the nameserver set for the "arpa" zone to be initially labeled as follows: a.ns.arpa b.ns.arpa c.ns.arpa ... Dedicated hostnames eliminate a logical dependency that requires the coordinated editing of the nameservers for the "arpa" zone and the root zone. This component of this transition does not require that the underlying hosts that provide "arpa" name service (that is, the root nameservers) be altered. The "arpa" zone will initially map the new hostnames to the same IP addresses that already provide service under the respective hostnames within "root-servers.net". Because these nameservers are completely within the "arpa" zone, they will require glue records in the root zone. This is consistent with current practice and requires no operational changes to the root zone.

Separation of Infrastructure After initially migrating the "arpa" zone to use hostnames that are not shared with the root zone, the underlying name service is expected to evolve such that it no longer directly aligns with a subset of root nameserver instances. With no shared infrastructure between the root nameservers and the "arpa" nameservers, future novel applications for the "arpa" zone may be possible. Any subsequent change to the parties providing name service for the zone is considered a normal management responsibility and would be performed in accordance with .

Zone Administration Publication of the "arpa" zone file to the authoritative "arpa" nameservers is currently undertaken alongside the root zone maintenance functions. Upon the separation of the "arpa" infrastructure from the root nameserver infrastructure, publication of the "arpa" zone no longer necessarily needs to be technically linked or interrelated to the root zone publication mechanisms.

Conclusion of Process Full technical separation of operations of the "arpa" zone and root zone minimally requires the following to be satisfied:

• The "arpa" zone no longer shares any hostnames in its nameserver set with the root zone.
• The hosts that provide authoritative name service are not the same hosts as the root nameservers, do not share any IPv4 or IPv6 addresses with the root servers, and are sufficiently provisioned separately such that any unique "arpa" zone requirements can be deployed without affecting how root zone service is provided.
• The editorial and publication process for the "arpa" zone removes any common dependencies with the root zone process so that the "arpa" zone can be managed, edited, and provisioned wholly independently of the root zone.

Such separation is ultimately sought to allow for novel uses of the "arpa" zone without the risk of inadvertently impacting root zone and root server operations. It is recognized that achieving this state requires a deliberative process involving significant coordination to ensure impacts are minimized.

IANA Considerations IANA shall coordinate the creation of the "ns.arpa" namespace and populate it with address records that reflect the IP addresses of the contemporary root servers documented within "root-servers.net" as its initial state. The namespace may be provisioned either directly within the "arpa" zone (as an empty nonterminal) or through establishing a dedicated "ns.arpa" zone, according to operational requirements. IANA will initially migrate the 12 NS records for the "arpa" zone to point to their respective new entries in the "ns.arpa" domain. When these actions are complete, the IAB and IANA will consult and coordinate with all relevant parties on activity to reduce or eliminate reliance upon the root zone and root server infrastructure serving the "arpa" zone. Such changes will be performed in compliance with and shall be conducted with all due care and deliberation to mitigate potential impacts on critical infrastructure.

Security Considerations The security of the "arpa" zone is not necessarily impacted by any aspects of these changes. Robust practices associated with administering the content of the zone (including signing the zone with DNSSEC) as well as its distribution will continue to be necessary.

References Normative References This memo describes the management and operational requirements for the address and routing parameter area ("arpa") domain. This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Informative References This document specifies a stable naming scheme for the nameservers that serve the zones IN-ADDR.ARPA and IP6.ARPA in the DNS. These zones contain data that facilitate reverse mapping (address to name). This memo documents an Internet Best Current Practice. The DNS root name service is a critical part of the Internet architecture. The protocol and deployment requirements for the DNS root name service are defined in this document. Operational requirements are out of scope.

IAB Members at the Time of Approval Internet Architecture Board members at the time this document was approved for publication were:

Acknowledgments Thank you , , , , , , , , , and for providing review and feedback.

Authors' Addresses Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

PTI/ICANN 12025 Waterfront Drive Los Angeles CA 90094 United States of America kim.davies@iana.org

Ericsson Research

02700 Kauniainen Finland jari.arkko@ericsson.com